Conical cavity cylinder reciprocating hydraulic engine
Feedback
Reasons why feedback is feasible
As will be seen throughout these pages, thanks to the Pascal's Principle and to the efficient cost-saving capacity The use of a hydraulic fluid in a closed circuit instead of fuel, as mentioned above, is perfectly possible and all this using only hydraulic fluid in a closed circuit instead of fuel.
Feedback?
Physics allows it, but the
engineering not yet... or yes...!
...read on!
THE FOUNDATIONS ON WHICH IT IS BASED
OPERATING PHILOSOPHY
hydraulic fluid savings
The reuse of an important part of the driving fluid that drives it, which never leaves the interior and always acts within the limits of the rules imposed by the laws of thermodynamicsThe performance can be optimised by maximise the efficiency and the results while minimise the resources usedThe engine is designed to run without generating any additional energy, thus respecting the fundamental principles of physics. This engine demonstrates that the feedback is feasible.
The fundamental basis that makes it possible to feed this engine back is its extraordinary efficiency when administering the fluid that moves it. The aim is to fill the coniform cavity or event chamber (Figure 1) with hydraulic fluid to make use of the Pascal's Principlewhich states that "the pressure inside a hermetically sealed container is equal at all points in the container". and make the retracted segments (Figure 2) are deployed by inserting liquid into the same chamber, but in a very efficient and economical way:
The fact that the event chamber is coniform reduces its inteno volume to one third of that of a cylindrical one. If to this "third" 20% is subtracted which is the primary savings (Figures 3 y 5), the filling volume decreases. If, after that, the new volume decreases a further 73,21% is subtracted from it. corresponding to the secondary savings of the Virtual Liquid Piston (Figure 6), the end result is that the event chamber needs only 9.16 times less fluid than a standard hydraulic cylinder, thus enabling feedback and also doing so with a large difference between what it needs to operate and the useful energy it gives back.
Primary savings
EFFICIENCY AS A PRINCIPLE
CONIFORM CHAMBER
Folded and unfolded segmentss
– By designing a system of nested concentric segments as shown in the image of the Figure 1...
– When the concentric segments are folded together, gaps between them are visible, as in the Figure 2.
– If the evacuation If the hydraulic fluid is pumped from above, a part of the fluid remains between the holes, as it does not fall by gravity. Figure 3.
– The Figure 4 shows the geometry of the liquid inside the event chamber; the Figure 10 shows the volumes corresponding to the savings primary (aquamarine blue) and secondary (amber); in red, the band that corresponds to the liquid used in each admission cycle.
– As the segments unfold, the liquid takes on a new geometrical shape, as in the Figure 5.
– The Figure 6. shows the sum of savings primary y secondary.
– The Figure 7 shows in red, superimposed on the two previous figures, the reduced volume of driving fluid that requires its movement, only 0.56 litres
When the segments are unfolded again according to Figure 1, the remaining liquid in Figure 3, which in this example is 0.41 litres, will occupy a space up to a certain level which does not need to be refilled; therefore, by saving of 66,66% involving the coniform cavity with respect to a cylindrical cavity (2.09 litres), such a volume of 0.41 litres is subtracted, resulting in another 20% savingsresulting in 1.68 litres the volume to be injected. This allows the use of a hydraulic pump that delivers less flow and therefore less power than a hydraulic cylinder.
FEEDBACK?
It turns out that engineering allows it too...!
...read on!
Hydraulic system based on a spectacular savings method which greatly reduces the need for driving fluid. This engine is not only able to feed backIt also returns enough energy to power 5 other engines with similar characteristics.
Does it really work?
If you understand how it works, it is easy to reach coclusion that it not only works, but that it gives back a surprising amount of energy. How it works, as seen in the pictures, is that it "parkWe call this capacity "the capacity of the conical enclosure", which means that most of the fluid that moves it remains there as a perpetual remnant so that it does not have to be replenished at each cycle or revolution. We call this capacity "savings method". Those parts of the remaining fluid are shown in colour: blue for primary method y amber for secondary.
Conical cavity cylinderThe simple fact that it is a cone-shaped enclosure means that it is produced around a 66,66% savings compared to a standard hydraulic cylinder, which represents a 33,33% of such capacity.
The method of primary savings subtracts another 20% to that 33,33% and the resulting amount is now reduced by a further 73,21% from secondary savings. The result is that this system requires a supply of driving fluid, 9.1 times lower than a standard hydraulic cylinder.
Finally, given that the model in this example is compared to a standard cylinder with a capacity of 6.26 litresthe first discount of 66,66% reduces it to 2.09 litres The second discount of the 20% applied on top of the previous remainder reduces it back down to 1.68 litres while the third discount of the 73,21% it is shortened again to 0.59 litreswhich is the amount this engine needs at each intake stage to operate at 100% of its power.
This means that instead of needing this engine the 6.26 litres In addition to the typical hydraulic fluid consumption required by any standard cylinder of the same dimensions and power, this motor does the same job with only 0.59 litreswithout any loss or impairment of his or her faculties.
Primary savings system
Geometrical figure adopted by the 5 triangular section toroids of the primary savings when the stages composing the conical enclosure are deployed, as in Fig. 2.
Virtual liquid piston secondary saving system
The geometrical shape of the virtual liquid piston as the stages that make up the conical enclosure unfold, as in Fig. 3.
Savings and volume to be paid in
In red, the band to be replenished at each intake time: only 0.56 litresThe relationship of 9:1
In amber, the saving portion of the virtual liquid piston: 1.12 litres
In blue, the portion of savings accounted for by primary savings: 0.41 litres
These images clearly show the savings capacity of driving liquid offered by this conical cavity motor, which allows for feed back to with very little energy without violating the laws of thermodynamicsIt is simply a very high efficiency system that stops working if the pump that feeds the small proportion in red stops working.
3D look of one of its modules
In transparent in order to show some of its internal parts, such as the internal immobile piston (in red).
Retracted segments of coniform cavities
The simple fact of using a coniform cavity already reduces the use of hydraulic fluid to one third of that of a standard hydraulic cylinder. This means that even without the use of cost-saving methods, it is already possible to retrofit the system, since the hydraulic pump that feeds it only has to work at one third of the power compared to such a standard hydraulic cylinder. These cylinders are governed by the well-known formula E = P*V, which refers to the Potential Energy being equal to the product of the applied pressure times the volume. This formula does not apply to pressure-based coniform systems.
The formula is much more precise E = PhAwhere:
E: potential energy; P: applied pressure; h: race; To: area of the base
Constructed appearance of the thrust module
The image shows the external appearance of one of the thrust modules, and the engines can contain any number of thrust modules depending on the power demanded.
The model given here as an example has a power per module of about 250 kW working to a regime of 73 rpmthe dimensions of the image model being 980 mm height and 530 mm width, corresponding to the diameter of the upper and lower bases.
The volume of a right cone is equal to one third of the volume of a cylinder with the same height and base diameter.
66,66% liquid-saving impeller liquid
As can be seen in the video (left), conical shapes require less volume to fill their internal cavity than cylinders with the same base and height.
Practical implementation of the cylinder-cone volumetric relationship
Net Hydrodynamic Force (Faxial)
Based on the cylinder/cone ratio, a hydraulic motor is designed where:
The larger base of the cone acts as a movable piston.
Data:
Pressure (ΔP: 400 bar = 400×105Pa.
Base radius (rbase): 130 mm (0,13 m).
Vertex radius (rtop): 20 mm (0,02 m).
Career (htotal): 118 mm (0,118 m).
Effective area (Toeffective):
For a truncated cone, the projected area is a circular ring. For the axial force, we take the area of the larger base:
Toeffective = πr2 = π(0.13)2 = 0.0531 m2
Maximum axial force:
Faxial = ΔP ⋅ Aeffective = 400 × 105 × 0.0531 => 2,124,000 N ≈ 2124 kN
Total Friction Force ()
Friction acts on the lateral contact area of the cone. For a truncated cone:
Tolateral = π(rbase+rtop
Where:
LAxial length of the cone = stroke = 0.118 m.
rbase = 130 mm, rtop = 20 mm
Tolateral = π(0.13 + 0.02) × 0.118 = 0.070 sqm
Friction force:
Ffriction = τ × Alateral = 543,8 × 0,070 = 38 N
Efficiency:
The friction losses (38 N) are negligible compared to the effective force, as the pressure of 400 bar does not affect the viscous friction directly, although it may slightly alter the actual clearance by elastic deformation.
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